What Else Raises Your Blood Sugar?
Blood sugar levels are influenced by more than just the carbohydrates you eat. Various factors—both internal and external—can have a significant impact on your blood glucose levels.
Here are some common contributors you might not have considered:
1. Stress and Hormones
When you’re stressed, your body releases cortisol and adrenaline, hormones that signal the liver to release stored glucose (a process called gluconeogenesis) for energy. This surge in glucose can cause a spike in blood sugar levels. Growth hormone also plays a role, as it can reduce insulin sensitivity, leading to higher blood sugar.
2. Lack of Sleep
Poor sleep affects hormones like insulin and ghrelin, both of which play key roles in glucose regulation. Disrupted sleep can reduce insulin sensitivity and increase hunger, particularly for high-calorie foods. This can indirectly contribute to higher blood sugar levels.
3. Physical Inactivity
When muscles aren’t being used, glucose uptake by the cells decreases. This means more glucose remains in the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels. Regular physical activity can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar more effectively.
4. Illness or Infection
When you’re ill, your body releases stress hormones like cortisol as part of the inflammatory response. These hormones can increase blood sugar levels to provide energy for recovery. This natural defense mechanism can make it harder to control blood sugar during illness.
5. Medications
Certain medications can raise blood sugar levels. For example:
Steroids (e.g., prednisone) can increase insulin resistance and boost glucose production in the liver.
Beta-blockers may mask symptoms of low blood sugar, potentially leading to higher levels.
Thiazide diuretics can interfere with glucose metabolism, contributing to elevated blood sugar.
6. Dehydration
Dehydration can cause blood glucose to become more concentrated in the bloodstream, temporarily raising blood sugar levels. Staying hydrated helps keep blood sugar levels in check.
7. Alcohol Consumption
While moderate alcohol consumption may initially lower blood sugar, excessive drinking can impair the liver’s ability to regulate glucose. This can lead to delayed blood sugar spikes, making blood sugar control more difficult.
8. Liver Function
If the liver is not functioning properly—due to conditions like fatty liver disease or other metabolic dysfunctions—it may release excess glucose into the bloodstream, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
9. Dawn Phenomenon
The "dawn phenomenon" refers to the early morning rise in blood sugar that many people experience. This natural increase is caused by the body’s release of hormones, including cortisol and growth hormone, which prepare the body for waking and activity.
10. Poor Gut Health
An imbalance in gut microbiota can negatively affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, potentially leading to higher blood sugar levels. A healthy gut is essential for maintaining stable blood sugar levels.
Takeaway
While diet is the most obvious factor in blood sugar control, many other variables can play a significant role. By addressing stress, sleep, physical activity, and other factors